The task of obtaining relevant information from a particular network is known as mapping, and is somewhat complicated in the absence of a suitable tool. However, when using programs such as Nmap becomes a mere formality, being really simple in all aspects.
Its method of action consists of carrying out an in-depth analysis of the network in question, subsequently showing a complete report that is very useful. This scan can be customized for further optimization of the overall process depending on the result you wish to obtain.
Some of the data that Nmap offers in its reports are ports that remain open, operating systems that are being run, and active firewalls.
To make use of this program you can opt for the traditional command line or for its graphical interface known as Zenmap.
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